There are times when we are not quiet sure which program could be used to open a file. Worst case scenario is when the file doesn’t have an extension. Here are some ways in which you can recognize/open such files.
Try the extension at an online file extension archive.
Use a Universal File viwer to open the file.
If everything else fails open the file with a HEX editor or using Notepad. Look for the first few charecters. These will be the filetype headers in most cases. Here is a small list of filetypes and header charecters for popular file types.
MIME type File Extension Starting characters
image/ PNG ‰PNG
image/gif GIF GIF
image/jpeg JPG
image/bmp BMP BM
imagge/tiff TIF II*
MID MThd
audio/mp3 MP3
application/zip ZIP PK
application/rar RAR Rar!
MKV .Eߣ
DB ÐÏ
application/pdf PDF %PDF
How to shutdown, restart, logoff using the command prompt
You can shutdown restart and do many other similar tasks using the Windows Command Prompt. This will come to use many a times if you are using batch files a lot. And would like to automate some Windows tasks.
Go to Command Prompt (Start»All Programs»Accessories»Command Prompt ). In the command prompt type shutdown /? this brings the Help for shutdown command in windows. Here are the most frequently used ones
1. shutdown /? This displays the help for the shutdown command.
2. shutdown -s this command will SHUTDOWN the system.
3. shutdown -r This command RESTARTs the system.
4. shutdown -a This command aborts (cancel) any shutdown process in progress including those initiated by your system administrator.
This is a quick reference to most frequently used parameters for shutdown command. Here is the original help information on Microsoft© website.
Allows you to shut down or restart a local or remote computer. Used without parameters, shutdown will logoff the current user.
Syntax :
shutdown [{-l|-s|-r|-a}] [-f] [-m [\\ComputerName]] [-t xx] [-c "message"] [-d[u][p]:xx:yy]Parameters
-l : Logs off the current user, this is also the default.
-m : ComputerName takes precedence.
-s : Shuts down the local computer.
-r : Reboots after shutdown.
-a : Aborts shutdown. Ignores other parameters, except -l and ComputerName. You can only use -a during the time-out period.
-f : Forces running applications to close.
-m [\\ComputerName] : Specifies the computer that you want to shut down.
-t xx : Sets the timer for system shutdown in xx seconds. The default is 20 seconds.
-c “message” : Specifies a message to be displayed in the Message area of the System Shutdown window. You can use a maximum of 127 characters. You must enclose the message in quotation marks.
-d [u][p]:xx:yy : Lists the reason code for the shutdown. The following table lists the different values.
Value Descriptttion
u - Indicates a user code.
p - Indicates a planned shutdown code.
xx - Specifies the major reason code (0-255).
yy - Specifies the minor reason code (0-65536).
Try the extension at an online file extension archive.
Use a Universal File viwer to open the file.
If everything else fails open the file with a HEX editor or using Notepad. Look for the first few charecters. These will be the filetype headers in most cases. Here is a small list of filetypes and header charecters for popular file types.
MIME type File Extension Starting characters
image/ PNG ‰PNG
image/gif GIF GIF
image/jpeg JPG
image/bmp BMP BM
imagge/tiff TIF II*
MID MThd
audio/mp3 MP3
application/zip ZIP PK
application/rar RAR Rar!
MKV .Eߣ
DB ÐÏ
application/pdf PDF %PDF
How to shutdown, restart, logoff using the command prompt
You can shutdown restart and do many other similar tasks using the Windows Command Prompt. This will come to use many a times if you are using batch files a lot. And would like to automate some Windows tasks.
Go to Command Prompt (Start»All Programs»Accessories»Command Prompt ). In the command prompt type shutdown /? this brings the Help for shutdown command in windows. Here are the most frequently used ones
1. shutdown /? This displays the help for the shutdown command.
2. shutdown -s this command will SHUTDOWN the system.
3. shutdown -r This command RESTARTs the system.
4. shutdown -a This command aborts (cancel) any shutdown process in progress including those initiated by your system administrator.
This is a quick reference to most frequently used parameters for shutdown command. Here is the original help information on Microsoft© website.
Allows you to shut down or restart a local or remote computer. Used without parameters, shutdown will logoff the current user.
Syntax :
shutdown [{-l|-s|-r|-a}] [-f] [-m [\\ComputerName]] [-t xx] [-c "message"] [-d[u][p]:xx:yy]Parameters
-l : Logs off the current user, this is also the default.
-m : ComputerName takes precedence.
-s : Shuts down the local computer.
-r : Reboots after shutdown.
-a : Aborts shutdown. Ignores other parameters, except -l and ComputerName. You can only use -a during the time-out period.
-f : Forces running applications to close.
-m [\\ComputerName] : Specifies the computer that you want to shut down.
-t xx : Sets the timer for system shutdown in xx seconds. The default is 20 seconds.
-c “message” : Specifies a message to be displayed in the Message area of the System Shutdown window. You can use a maximum of 127 characters. You must enclose the message in quotation marks.
-d [u][p]:xx:yy : Lists the reason code for the shutdown. The following table lists the different values.
Value Descriptttion
u - Indicates a user code.
p - Indicates a planned shutdown code.
xx - Specifies the major reason code (0-255).
yy - Specifies the minor reason code (0-65536).
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment